Genicular RFA for the Knee

Genicular RFA

What is genicular RFA?

Genicular radiofrequency ablation (RFA) is a minimally invasive procedure that uses radio waves to create heat lesions around the genicular nerves. The genicular nerves are responsible for carrying pain signals from the knee to the brain. By blocking these signals, genicular RFA can provide long-lasting pain relief for patients with chronic knee pain.

Who can benefit from genicular RFA?

Genicular RFA can be used to treat pain from the knee from a variety of causes, such as:

  • Osteoarthritis
  • Intraarticular pathology
  • Prior surgery or total and partial knee replacements
  • Failed conservative treatments, such as medications, injections, or physical therapy

Genicular RFA can be an effective treatment option for patients who want to delay or are not eligible for surgery, or who have persistent pain after surgery.

How is genicular RFA performed?

Genicular RFA is usually performed under local anesthesia in an outpatient setting. The procedure involves the following steps:

  • The physician identifies the target nerves using real-time X-ray technology or ultrasound guidance.
  • The physician inserts a thin needle near each nerve and delivers a small amount of electric current to confirm the correct placement.
  • The physician applies radiofrequency waves through the needle to create heat lesions around the nerves, disrupting their ability to transmit pain signals.
  • The physician repeats the process for each nerve target, usually three on each side of the knee: the superior medial, superior lateral, and inferior medial branches of the genicular nerves.
  • The physician removes the needles and applies a bandage to the injection sites.

The procedure typically takes 30 to 45 minutes to complete.

What are the risks and benefits of genicular RFA?

Genicular RFA is generally safe and well-tolerated, with minimal risks and complications. Some possible side effects include:

  • Temporary numbness, tingling, or soreness at the injection sites
  • Mild bruising or bleeding
  • Infection
  • Nerve damage
  • Allergic reaction to anesthesia or contrast dye

The benefits of genicular RFA include:

  • Significant and lasting pain relief for up to 12 months or longer
  • Improved function and quality of life
  • Reduced need for pain medications
  • Avoidance or postponement of surgery
  • Low recovery time and minimal restrictions

How to prepare for genicular RFA?

Before undergoing genicular RFA, patients should:

  • Inform their physician about their medical history, allergies, and medications
  • Stop taking blood thinners or anti-inflammatory drugs as advised by their physician
  • Arrange for someone to drive them home after the procedure

On the day of the procedure, patients should:

  • Wear comfortable and loose-fitting clothing
  • Avoid eating or drinking anything for at least four hours before the procedure
  • Follow any other instructions given by their physician

How to recover from genicular RFA?

After the procedure, patients should:

  • Rest for the remainder of the day and avoid strenuous activities
  • Apply ice packs to the injection sites as needed for pain or swelling
  • Take pain medications as prescribed by their physician
  • Keep the injection sites clean and dry
  • Follow up with their physician as scheduled

Patients may experience some pain relief immediately after the procedure, but it may take several weeks for the full effect to occur. Patients should gradually resume their normal activities and physical therapy as tolerated. Patients should also monitor their pain level and report any changes or concerns to their physician.

Where can I learn more about genicular RFA?

If you are interested in learning more about genicular RFA for your knee pain, you can: